Individual Identity Essay - 1387 Words

The quest to find one’s identity and have a sense of individuality is rampant in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go. The humanistic urge to have purpose is embodied in the characters of Kathy, Tommy and Ruth very differently. They each know that their life’s purpose is to donate until â€Å"completion,† yet on the way there they explore themselves and find out there is more to each of them than their vital organs, even if that is how society has labeled them. The three main characters, clones who are lepers of Ishiguro’s dystopian society, attempt to find purpose in their existence beyond containers of vital organs. The clones’ background at Hailsham gave them insight into culture, art, and the world for everyone else but there identity was†¦show more content†¦it all goes away when the connections she had concluded. Kathy and the clones knew they were different from the â€Å"regular† humans, but to what extent, they had no idea. â€Å"We certainly knew- though not in any deep sense- that we were different from the normal people outside; we perhaps even knew that a long way down the line there were donations waiting for us. But we didn’t really know what that meant† (69). Despite the fact that the clones knew their true purpose, they stayed unsatisfied and continued their search for an individual identity. Many of the clones believed that if they found their â€Å"possible,† or person they were cloned from, they would be able to figure out who they were. â€Å"Nevertheless, we all of us, to varying degrees, believed that when you saw the person you were copied from, youd get some insight into who you were deep down, and maybe too, youd see something of what your life held in store† (140). However, once they were cloned from these people they no longer had anything to do with their original. â€Å"There were some who thought it stupid to be concerned about possible at all. Our models were an irrelevance, a technical necessity for bringing us into the world, nothing more than that. â€Å"It was up to each of us to make of our lives what we could† (140). The clone’s depended on their model for their own existence but are left to fend for themselves after they come into the worldShow MoreRelatedIdentity and the Way Individuals Shape Their Identities for Themse lves1341 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity and the Way Individuals Shape Their Identities for Themselves One of the central issues of psychology is identity and the way individuals shape their identities for themselves. People live in different regions all around the globe and are consequently exposed to a distinct type of culture, religion, education, family values and media. 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In many situations the dominant group feels as though anyone not like them needs to change, and because theyRead MoreThe Nature Of Identity Is Attributed By The Environment That Influences The Experiences That The Individual Intakes1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe nature of one’s identity is attributed by the environment that influences the experiences that the individual intakes. Self is the fundamental being that separates individuals due to the uniqueness of their minds and the experiences that influence the distinctiveness of identity. Martha Stout’s background in psychology initializes a deeper understanding of sel f through the analysis of stories told by her patients who suffer from dissociation in her writing called â€Å"When I Woke Up Tuesday MorningRead MoreCriminal Responsibility in Individuals with Dissociative Identity Disorder3385 Words   |  14 Pagescourt for a plea of insanity. Multiple personality disorder or more recently known as dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a dissociative disorder characterized by its bizarre feature of two or more distinct identities or personality states which intermittently take control of the affected person’s behavior (4th ed., text rev.; DSM–IV–TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Though the individual may or may not be aware that the other personalities exist, they will have knowledge of their amnesicRead MoreHow Technology Has Made Individuals Identity More Susceptible From Be Stolen920 Words   |  4 Pages In the past several years, technology advancement has made individuals identity more susceptible to be stolen. I find this topic to be very interesting because I have had my identity compromised. Several years ago when I was nineteen I was completing credit reports on several popular credit reporting websites. 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Sexual Identity Guadalupe Sanchez Essay - 1566 Words

2 Guadalupe Sanchez Sexual Identity Guadalupe Sanchez California State University Long Beach For a long time I was not aware of the concept of sexual identity. When a boy likes a girl they develop a romantic connection, with the condition that the girl also finds the boy attractive. For a long time I considered that this was a classical receipt for romantic relationships and I could not separate romance from sexuality. The way I was raised, the religious precepts that have shaped my personality, the gender roles or the media and my relationships have contributed to who I am in terms of sexual identity. RELIGION Growing up as a Catholic I was educated in the spirit of living a pure life, learning many aspects about what I should not do. My parents and the entire Catholic community in which I grew up praised a restrictive life, wherein most of the pleasures in life were forbidden. Sex has been always a taboo subject for Catholics. My parents taught me that sexual relationships are only allowed after marriage. People who were known to be engaged in sexual relationships without being married were regarded as sinners and they were not respected within our community. Being raised in this spirit of considering sexuality a sin, I had become to despise the idea of sex, considering it impure and vulgar. As a child I could not imagine myself ever being married and desiring to be involved in sexual relationships, because I was inculcated with the idea that sexuality is

Classical Theory of Economic Growth Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theClassical Theory of Economic Growth. Answer: The CEO of McDonalds relies on smart and productive growth rather on the Growth which is at any cost; this is the classical approach which the entity has followed over years. The impact of classical approach has also assisted to handle the internal management like planning and decision making process, employee relation, communication, etc. The behavioral approach to human resource also helps the organization in dealing with the unconstructive aspects in a suitable way. The company follows the four principles (quality, standard, services and value), which are the only management philosophies which never changed in any of the outlet operating in any part of the world. Figure 1: Summarized Classical Approach to Management (Source: Landau, L. D. (Ed.). 2013) Traditionally, McDonald's has been viewed as a slow mechanism in context of renovations in getting new items out. In the fast casual market and competitive threat it is very important to make things happen quicker (Meade, J. E. 2013). The customers of McDonalds are relying on them for convenience and consistency; it was difficult for the management to live up to the expectations of speed. The four classical principles have assisted in developing a customer base seeking improved or ethnic fare with the introduction of a broad range of new items. The entity has enormous level of relevancy for proper planning of all the activities undertaken into the outlets. The company has been able to achieve element of quickness only through proper planning.The organizational has developed huge market share in short period of time. The organizational has developed huge market share in short period of time. References Books and Journal Landau, L. D. (Ed.). (2013).The classical theory of fields(Vol. 2). Elsevier. Meade, J. E. (2013).A Neo-Classical Theory of Economic Growth (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.

Insomnia and Its Causes free essay sample

Although most of us know what insomnia is and how we feel and perform after one or more sleepless nights, few seek medical advice. Many people remain unaware of the behavioral and medical options available to treat insomnia. Insomnia is generally classified based on the duration of the problem. These are the transcient, short-term and chronic insomnia. Insomnia affects all age groups. Among adults, insomnia affects women more often than men. The incidence tends to increase with age. It is typically more common in people in lower socioeconomic (income) groups, chronic alcoholics, and mental health patients. Stress most commonly triggers short-term or acute insomnia. If you do not address your insomnia, however, it may develop into chronic insomnia. Some surveys have shown that 30% to 35% of Americans reported difficulty falling asleep during the previous year and about 10% reported problems with long standing insomnia. There also seems to be an association between depression, anxiety and insomnia. We will write a custom essay sample on Insomnia and Its Causes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although the nature of this association is unknown, people with depression or anxiety were significantly more likely to develop insomnia. Insomnia may be caused by a host of different reasons. These causes may be divided into situational factors, medical or psychiatric conditions or primary sleep problems. Insomnia could also be classified by the duration of the symptoms into transient insomnia generally last less than seven days; short-term insomnia usually lasts for about one to three weeks, and chronic insomnia lasts for more than three weeks as mentioned earlier. The various causes of insomnia are elaborated in the paragraphs below. Many of the causes of the causes of transient and short-term insomnia are similar and they include: jet lag, changes in shift work, excessive or unpleasant noise, comfortable room temperature(too hot or too cold),stressful situations in life(exam preparation, loss of a loved one ,unemployment ,divorce ,or separation),presence of an acute medical or surgical illness or hospitalization and withdrawal from drug, alcohol, sedative, or stimulant medications. Also insomnia related to high altitude (mountains), uncontrolled physical Symptoms (pain, fever, breathing problems, nasal congestions, cough, diarrhea, etc. ) can also cause someone to have insomnia. Controlling these symptoms and their underlying causes may lead to resolution of insomnia. Furthermore, majority of the causes of chronic or long-term insomnia are usually linked to an underlying psychiatric or physiologic (medical) condition. Again, the most common psychological problems that may lead insomnia include:anxiety,depression,stress(mental,emotional,situational,etc. ,schizophrenia,and/or mania(bipolar disorder). Nevertheless, insomnia may be an indicator of depression. Many people will have insomnia during the acute phases of a mental illness. As mentioned earlier, depression and anxiety are strongly associated with insomnia. Out of all the other secondary medical and psychological causes of insomnia, anxiety and depression are the most common. Also, physiological causes spa n from circadian rhythm disorders (disturbances of the biological clock), sleep-wake imbalance, to a variety of medical conditions. The following are the most common medical conditions that trigger insomnia: chronic pain syndromes, chronic fatigue syndrome, congestive heart failure, night time angina(chest pain)from heart disease, acid reflux disease(GERD),Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease(COPD) and nocturnal asthma(asthma with night time breathing symptoms). Others include: obstructive sleep apnea, degenerated disease, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease(often insomnia is the deciding factor for nursing home placement. and brain tumors, strokes, or trauma to the brain. In addition to people with the above medical conditions, certain groups may be at higher risk for developing insomnia: travelers, shift workers with frequent changing of shifts, seniors, adolescents or young adult’s students, pregnant women, women in menopause, people who use abuse drugs and alcoholics. Another area worth mentioning is the medication related to insomnia. Certain medications have also been a ssociated with insomnia. Among these are: certain over-the-counter cold and asthma preparations, the prescription varieties of these medications may also contain stimulants and thus produce similar effects on sleep, some medications used to treat high blood pressure have also been associated with poor sleep and some medications used to treat depression, anxiety and schizophrenia. Other causes of insomnia are common stimulants associated with poor sleep include caffeine and nicotine. You should consider not only restricting caffeine and nicotine use in the hours immediately before bedtime but limiting your total daily intake. Also, people often use alcohol to help induce sleep, as a nightcap. However, it is a poor choice. Alcohol is associated with sleep disruption and creates a sense of non-refreshed sleep in the morning. Lastly, a disruptive bed partner with loud snoring or periodic leg movements also may impair your ability to get a good night’s sleep. In spite of the above stated points doctors associate a variety of signs and symptoms with insomnia. Often, the symptoms intertwine with those of other medical or mental conditions. They are: some people with insomnia may complain of difficulty falling asleep or waking up frequently during the night. The problem may begin with stress. Then, as you begin to associate the bed with your inability to sleep, the problem may become chronic. Also most often daytime symptoms will bring people to seek medical attention. Daytime problems caused by insomnia include the following: poor concentration and focus, difficulty with memory, impaired motor coordination (being uncoordinated), irritability and impaired social interaction and motor vehicle accidents because of fatigued, sleep-deprived drivers. Other symptoms may include: having trouble falling asleep, waking up during the night and having trouble going back to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, feeling tired when they wake up(like didn’t get enough sleep) and feeling grouchy, sleep, or anxious and be unable to get things done during the daytime. People may worsen these daytime symptoms by their own attempts to treat the symptoms; alcohol and antihistamines may compound the problems with sleep deprivation. Others have also tried non prescription sleep aids. Many people with insomnia do not complain of daytime sleepiness, and in fact, they may have difficulty falling asleep during intentional daytime naps. In diagnosing insomnia, the health practitioner will begin an evaluation of insomnia with a complete medical history. As with most medical examinations; a complete medical history and physical examination are import aspects of assessment and treatment of insomnia. The health care practitioner will seek to identify any medical or psychological illness that may be contributing to the patient’s insomnia. A thorough medical history and examination including screening for psychiatric disorders and drug and alcohol use is paramount in evaluation of a patient with sleep problems. Physical examination may particularly focus on heart and lung examination, and measurement of size of the neck and visualizing oral and nasal air passages(to see whether sleep apnea needs to be assessed in more detail). Treatment for insomnia focuses on the reason why you don’t sleep well. In general, transient insomnia resolves when the underlying trigger is removed or corrected. Most people seek medical attention when their insomnia becomes chronic. The main focus of treatment for insomnia should be directed towards finding the cause. Once a cause is identified, it is important to manage and control the underlying problem, as this alone may eliminate the insomnia without addressing the main cause is rarely successful. If you have a medical problem, such as stress, treating that problem may help you sleep better. You may be able to sleep better by making some small changes. It may help to: go to bed at the same time each night, get up at the same time each day, avoid caffeine and alcohol for several hours before bedtime, get regular exercise (but make sure you finish the exercise at least 3 to 4 hours before you go to bed) and avoid daytime naps. Some people may need medicine for a while to help them fall asleep. Doctors often prescribe medicine for a short time if other treatment isn’t working. But medicine doesn’t work as well over time as lifestyle and behavior changes do. Sleep medicine can also become habit-forming. Medicine works best as a short-term treatment combined with lifestyle and behavior changes. Your doctor may also recommend counseling, which can help you learn new habits that may help you sleep better. Talk to your doctor about your sleep problems and any other health issues you may have. This is important, because lack of sleep can lead to depression, accidents, and problems at work, marital and social problems, drinking more alcohol than usual and poor health. Treatment may help you avoid these problems and feel better. Generally, treatment of insomnia entails both non-pharmacologic (non-medical) and pharmacologic (medical) aspects. It is best to tailor treatment for individual patient based on the potential cause. Studies have shown that combining medical and non-medical treatments typically is more successful in treating insomnia than either one alone. In a nutshell, I would advise that if you have insomnia caused by jet lag, your symptoms will generally clear up within a few days. If you are depressed and have had insomnia for many months, it is unlikely that your symptoms will go away on their own. Your outcome will also depend on coexisting medical conditions, which may include congestive heart ailure, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), and chronic pain syndromes. Synonyms and keywords Sleeplessness, stress, anxiety, depression, sleepless, chronic insomnia, acute insomnia, mental illness, sleep habits, insomniac, insomnia, difficulty sleeping, sleep, disorders that disrupt sleep, difficulty falling asleep, primary insomnia, sleep test, obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia medications, daytime sleep iness, melatonin, jet lag, shift change. Authors and Editors Author: Siamak T. Nabili(2010),MD,MPH Editor: Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Reference: eMedicine. Com. Insomnia. http://emedicine. edscape. com/article/1187829-overview Previous contributing authors and editors: Author: Mary E. Cataletto, MD, Associate Director, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Winthrop University Hospital; Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, et al. Other works consulted: * Littner M, et al. (2003). Practice parameters for using polysomnography to evaluate insomnia: An update. Sleep, 26(6):754-760. * Ropper AH, Samuels MA (2009). Sleep and its abnormalities. In Adams and Victor’s principles of Neurology, 9th ed. , pp. 374-396. New York: McGraw-Hill.

You Are Required to Write Essay Example Essay Example

You Are Required to Write Essay Example Paper You Are Required to Write Essay Introduction You are required to write an essay in which you assess the usefulness to international marketers of the three theories of internationalization listed below Uppsala Model Network Model Born Global Pathway Matteo Fabbi University of Westminster, UK __ Several studies have focused on theories of internationalization since the raid of globalization hit every aspect of our life and organization as much. The advancement of technology, the decline of trading barriers, the rise of students exchanges programs, yet the rise of low-cost airline companies, is driving the economy to become more integrated and homogeneous. This rapid process is getting marketers and business owners to think and making important decisions to whether or not going international, how, where and when to do it. The study has failed to find a general view whether an approach is better then another, however it has presented situations of firms from different size, operating in different industry and assessed the usefulne ss of each theory to a specific situation. You Are Required to Write Essay Body Paragraphs In fact the paper has found that there are many factors that will influence a marketers to perceive the usefulness of each theory especially regarding on the resources and capabilities of each organization. The paper makes use of different journals articles, a small case study, and references from Hollensen book: Global Marketing (2006). If looking at the size of a business, then for SMEs approaching the Uppsala model is a way to overcome those barriers of internationalization stressed by Hollensen (2006), such lack of resource and knowledge, yet an opportunity to increase market share and competitiveness. By gradually committing to the foreign market, organizations also decrease the level of risk to their investments (Whitelock, 2002). On the other hand by gradually increasing the production of goods, the organizations will not benefit from a great level of economy of scales. Although, businesses may rethink this approach for one more reason. In fact the model does not take in consi deration the competition. If a business enters a new market with a new product following the U-model, smart firms benefiting of higher resources might decide to enter the same market, with a similar product, but with higher commitment, if they see the market responding positively to the new entrant (Crick, 2009). In this case they might opt to jump from the first, directly to the most profitable of the four different modes of entering an international market suggested in the article by Johanson et all. (2004) and in a situation with high level of international customers and competitors, the less internationalized firm can be â€Å"pulled out† (Hollensen, 2006). The only way for the early starter to keep the position is to insure they have the best distributors and to tight the distribution net with a predatory price. In a world where information is thought to be the new oil, firms need to become extremely quick in processing data, transforming them into information and then c reate knowledge for their the internationalization process. For this reason the Uppsala model has received many criticisms because the slow process involved into acquiring knowledge by experience (Whitelock, 2002). Gaining knowledge with the shorter span of time gives the firm a competitive advantage, as the case mentioned previously whether to obtain the best distributors or the best place for a point of sales when entering a new market. Obstacles to gain knowledge have been decreasing with the latest changes of our world, as suggested by Hollensen (2006) citing Nordstrom: physic distances have decreased and the world has become more homogeneous. For instance thanks to the Erasmus student exchange program established by the EU (1994), Europe offers an interchangeable and multilingual human resource, here businesses can hire people with the experience and knowledge required without develop it in-house, thus making â€Å"leapfrog† strategies more feasible, the internationaliza tion process faster and the Uppsala model less useful especially in situations of highly internationalized firm and industries. Also Johanson et all. (2004) and many other authors have also shown that the Uppsala internationalization process is not valid for service industries. The acquiring of knowledge is an important factor in evaluating the usefulness of the theories in analysis. If looking at the high-technology industry, products have very short life cycle and must be internationalize in a very short time if they want to be successful in the international market. Companies working in this type of industry achieve a faster internationalization process by relying on the expertise and knowledge of network partners (Hollensen, 2006). The Network model is very useful to create innovativeness, by matching different organizations with complementary skills, by outsourcing the manufacture to overseas-based firms, technical services, and even marketing and distribution. The entire suppl y chain can benefit from the network model of internationalization, creating competitive advantage for the firm. Even in this particular case, SMEs have to face the big challenge of dealing with bigger organization with greater managerial and coordination skills, plus the resources to invest, although the strengths of this approach to SMEs lies on the importance of the personal factors. According to Hollensen, an entrepreneurial orientation towards seeking opportunities, taking risks and action oriented to innovative markets can lead SMEs to a competitive position when entering international market. Hollensen (2006) stresses how individuals, rather part of a marketing team or in the case of SME, most likely entrepreneurs, can shape the environment in ways that will benefit the firm, taking initiatives, aggressively tailing ventures and achieve agreements with other companies. This paper has recognized a resemblance of Hollensen findings in a particular case study provided by Berra e t al. (1994) on regard the internationalization process of the Italian clothing SMEs in the late ’90 using network models. As Berra points out in his article, it is well know that the clothing sector of the Italian industry is particularly characterized by polarization: where a number of big companies counters numerous SMEs, specialized in some phases of the manufacturer process. Looking at the particular situation presented in the article, many industrialized countries in the late ‘80s followed different models of internationalization to respond the change in the economical context of that period. Lifestyles and consumption patterns evolved, the cost of the factors increased and new competitors appeared in the market place together with a decrease in general demand. Many countries intensified their international decentralization and redeployment; Japan had made use of international sub-contracting with the biggest trading companies; the USA opted for overseas assembly strategies in their closest countries like Mexico and Latin America, operating both with independent partners and subsidiaries. On the other hand Germany relocated and redeployed the manufacturing phases to areas of CMEA and Yugoslavia, whilst France and England made productive FDi in their colonies (North Africa and areas of Commonwealth) (Berra et. all, 1994). These changing circumstances imposed the Italians firms to react. SMEs, which could not afford FDI strategies, opted for production and commercial agreements, so trying to penetrate the markets in partnership with local operators. Also SMEs used a method of decentralization for their production within the country and through a network of companies (Berra et. all, 1994). The network model used through horizontal connection (with other SMEs) and vertical connection (among larger firms), was useful to create flexibility and low cost, therefore increasing competitiveness to respond at the market changes of the time. According to Hollensen (2006), the internationalization success of SMEs is mainly based on the level of preparation and coordination of each single network in advance. Planning ahead, conducting marketing research, involving highly skilled human resources, investing resources and shaping the products to meet consumers need to each target market are the basis of a Global Born SMEs. Considering the previous study, then the paper will suggest to international marketers working within the clothing industry that coming global born model will be useful to SMEs by drawing on the positive elements that each market have to offer: for instance matching the source/destination relationship of the labor cost in the East, with the stable market in Europe and the profitable one of Japan, through outsourcing the technology from Germany and USA. This model will be useful to marketers that have great managerial skills for planning ahead and coordinating. Other main benefits derive from the high flexibility and s peed of reaching foreign markets. The Internet will benefit the Born Global companies for their communication process within their networks and for their researches. This is in fact an important factor to take in consideration when evaluating the model. By mainly offering very innovative products and services, Born Global firms have to face relatively high costs in RD, which as suggested by Hollensen (2006), occur â€Å"upfront†. Furthermore competition is very high and products can become obsolete very soon. In conclusion the paper suggests that each of the theories can be applied by a firm depending of the situation, the type of business and the industry the firm is operating in order to perceive its effects. By looking at the situations presented by this paper, it can be argued that the Uppsala model is more likely to be perceived as useful by international marketers working into a multi domestic industry, with limited resources and a lack of entrepreneurial orientation to wards innovativeness and networking. Although, the paper has also highlighted some of the limitations of the model, that need particular attention. Furthermore this essay has found the Network model very useful applied to SMEs, especially to cope with the big challenges of larger organization that abound of resources and capabilities. Finally the Born Global Model is the one that seemed to respond the best to the trends and the global market requirements, however it is useful merely to those marketers that managerial skills to plan and coordinate a global type of business since the beginning. References Book Hollensen, S. (2007). Global marketing. 4th edition. Edinburgh Gate (UK): Pearson Education Limited Journals Whitelock, J. (2002). Theories of internationalization and their impact on market entry. 19 (4), 342-347 [online] Available from: Emerald Management Extra [Accesses 29th of October] Berra, L. et all. (1994). The internationalization Process in the Small and Medium Sized F irms: A Case Study on the Italian Industry. , 67-75 [online] Available from: Small Business Economics lt; www. springerlink. comgt; [Accessed 25th October] Johanson, J. et all. (2004) Discovering market networks. 40, (3/4), 259-274 [online] Available from: Emerald Management Extra [Accesses 25th of October] Crick, D. , (2009). The internationalization of born global and international new venture SMEs. 26 (4/5), 453-476 [online] Emerald Management Extra [Accesses 27th of October] We will write a custom essay sample on You Are Required to Write Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on You Are Required to Write Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on You Are Required to Write Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

How money is used, raised, and wasted in Washingto Essays

How money is used, raised, and wasted in Washingto Essays How money is used, raised, and wasted in Washington Government Spending How money is used, raised, and wasted in Washington As many Federal departments and agencies lurch into an era of running without funds, the leaders of both parties of Congress are spending less and less time searching for a compromise to balance the budget, and more and more time deciding how to use it to their advantage on the campaign trail. Meanwhile money is easily borrowed to pay for government overhead. In an attempt to change this, on June 29, Congress voted in favor of HConRes67 that called for a 7 year plan to balance the Federal Budget by the year 2002 (Hager 1899). This would be done by incorporating $894 billion in spending cuts by 2002, with a projected 7 year tax cut of $245 billion. If this plan were implemented, in the year 2002, the U.S. Government would have the first balanced budget since 1969. There is doubt by citizens that a balanced budget will become reality. A recent Gallop Poll from January, 1996 showed the budget as the #1 concern among taxpayers, but 4/5 of those interviewed said they doubt the GOP will do the job (Holding 14). Meanwhile, an ABC poll from November reported that over 70% of those polled disapprove of the current performance by Congress, and most blamed politicians for failure to take action (Cloud 3709). These accusations of failure to follow through come with historical proof that Congress and Clinton have failed to compromise and resolve the issue. After all, current budget plans are dependent on somewhat unrealistic predictions of avoiding such catastrophes as recession, national disasters, etc., and include minor loopholes. History has shown that every budget agreement that has failed was too lax. One might remember the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings bill that attempted to balance the budget, but left too many exemptions, and was finally abandoned in 1990 (Weinberger 33). So after a pain-staking trial for GOP Republicans to create, promote, and pass their budget, as promised on campaign trail 94, Clinton rejected the very bill he demanded. This essentially brought the federal budget back to square one. Clinton thought such a demand on Republicans to produce a budget would produce inner-party quarrels and cause the GOP to implode. Instead, they produced a fiscal budget that passed both houses of Congress, only to be stalemated by a stubborn Democratic President Clinton. Meanwhile, Clinton bounced back with a CBO scored plan with lighter, less risky cuts to politically sensitive areas like entitlements. Clintons plan also saved dollars for education and did not include a tax increase, but most cuts would not take effect until he is out of office, in the year 2001. Although Clinton is sometimes criticized for producing a stalemate in budget talks, the White House points out that the debt has gone down since Clinton took office, with unemployment also falling. Republicans are quick to state that Clinton originally increased taxes in 1993 and cut defense programs, but his overall plan was for an increasing budget without deficit reduction. Startling Facts about the budget: As of 1996, the national debt was at an all time high of $5 trillion dollars, with interest running at a whopping $250 billion per year (Rau M-1). This equals out to an individual responsibility of more than $50,000 per taxpayer. Nearly 90% of that debt has accumulated since 1970, and between 1980 and 1995, the debt grew by 500%. Currently, the debt grows by more than $10,000 per second (Rau M-l), and at current rates, a baby born in 1992 will pay 71% of his or her income in net taxes. At current rates, our government is about to reach its breaking point. If thats not enough to scare a taxpayer, by 2002, 60% of government spending will be for entitlements, and by 2012, these programs are projected to take up all government revenue (Dentzer 32). Not only economic development, but also family income is hurt by debt. With the cost of living going up, it becomes harder to find a job. According to the Concord Coalition, real wages peaked in 1973 and have gone down ever since. If the economy grew as fast as it did in 1950, without a debt, the median family income would be $50,000, compared to the present median of $35,000 (Rau M-1). As of current fiscal years budget, the United States government spends $1.64 trillion yearly. $500 billion of that, or 1/3 of the total, is for discretionary spending (Rau M-1). This discretionary spending is the target for most cuts, and seems to be the easiest to

Andrea and Overfield, The Human Record, Sources of Global History Vol Essay - 1

Andrea and Overfield, The Human Record, Sources of Global History Vol. II (Cengage) hereafter AO - Essay Example afford many amenities which used to be beyond the reach of most people depending on their stature as middle class if they are traders (which makes more money), craftsman or worker, amenities. Middle class were also able to afford education which used to be exclusive to the royalties and land owners. The rising economic stature of middle class however did not only gave rise to entrepreneurialism and industry but also the drive to profit at the expense of anything that resulted in exploitation. From having nothing to having the chance of having a lot of things, the middle class was driven to become rich. Thus, social Darwinism came about where the fittest are the only one that will survive. Social Darwinism states that human beings are no different from other organisms such as animals and plants that they too have to struggle to survive resulting in the natural selection of survival of the fittest (Bannister, 2000). This concept is based on the theory of Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution whereby people should be left on their own to compete and advocated a laissez-faire  political and economic system that promotes competition in all spheres of life. As a result, exploitative industrial practice were done during the Industrial Revolution where employing children in the coal mines became rampant that the Industrial Revolution became synonymous with child labor along with its economic prosperity. It is debatable if exploitation and industrial aggressiveness of the middle class to achieve economic prosperity is justified in resorting to Darwinism. Probably, the right operative term would be the consequence of the determination of the middle class to achieve economic prosperity as they tried their best effort to accumulate wealth which they never had before the Industrial Revolution. And perhaps it could too be justified that such social Darwinism was necessary so that industry will flourish and lay down the infrastructure of the future. It is just a